英语情景对话（零基础 → 熟练日常沟通）
完整学习版 · 43个场景 · 60项语法点 · 逐词注解 · 配套语法 · 练习+答案
学习流程：生词预习 → 阅读对话 → 语法讲解 → 造句练习 → 对照答案 → 角色扮演
场景1：初次见面 — First Meeting
生词预习
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hello | /həˈləʊ/ | int. | 你好 |
| I | /aɪ/ | pron. | 我 |
| am | /æm/ | v. | 是(be动词,I用) |
| is | /ɪz/ | v. | 是(be动词,he/she/it用) |
| are | /ɑː(r)/ | v. | 是(be动词,you/we/they用) |
| your | /jɔː(r)/ | adj. | 你的 |
| my | /maɪ/ | adj. | 我的 |
| name | /neɪm/ | n. | 名字 |
| what | /wɒt/ | pron. | 什么 |
| nice | /naɪs/ | adj. | 好的;令人愉快的 |
| meet | /miːt/ | v. | 遇见 |
| you | /juː/ | pron. | 你 |
| too | /tuː/ | adv. | 也 |
| where | /weə(r)/ | adv. | 哪里 |
| from | /frɒm/ | prep. | 从;来自 |
| and | /ænd/ | conj. | 和 |
| how | /haʊ/ | adv. | 怎样 |
| today | /təˈdeɪ/ | n. | 今天 |
| very | /ˈveri/ | adv. | 非常 |
| well | /wel/ | adv. | 好 |
| thank | /θæŋk/ | v. | 感谢 |
| fine | /faɪn/ | adj. | 好的 |
| this | /ðɪs/ | pron. | 这个 |
| friend | /frend/ | n. | 朋友 |
| it | /ɪt/ | pron. | 它 |
| China | /ˈtʃaɪnə/ | n. | 中国 |
| England | /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ | n. | 英国 |
对话
A: Hello! I am Alex. What is your name?
你好！我是Alex。你叫什么名字？
Hello→int.你好 | I→pron.我 | am→v.是 | what→pron.什么 | is→v.是 | your→adj.你的 | name→n.名字
B: Hi! My name is Lily. Nice to meet you.
嗨！我叫Lily。很高兴认识你。
Hi→int.嗨 | my→adj.我的 | nice→adj.好的 | meet→v.遇见
A: Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?
我也很高兴认识你。你从哪里来？
too→adv.也 | where→adv.哪里 | are→v.是 | from→prep.来自
B: I am from China. And you?
我来自中国。你呢？
China→n.中国 | and→conj.和
A: I am from England. How are you today?
我来自英国。你今天好吗？
England→n.英国 | how→adv.怎样 | today→n.今天
B: I am very well, thank you! And you?
我很好，谢谢！你呢？
very→adv.非常 | well→adv.好 | thank→v.感谢
A: I am fine too. This is my friend, Tom.
我也很好。这是我的朋友Tom。
fine→adj.好的 | this→pron.这个 | friend→n.朋友
C: Hello, Lily! It is nice to meet you.
你好，Lily！很高兴认识你。
it→pron.它(指'认识你'这件事)
语法讲解
【语法1】be动词 — am / is / are
英语最基本句型：主语 + be动词 + 其他。be动词有3个形式，由主语决定。
- I → 永远用 am → I am Alex. / I am fine.
- He/She/It → 永远用 is → She is Lily. / It is nice.
- You/We/They → 永远用 are → You are kind. / They are friends.
否定句：be动词 + not → I am not a teacher. / She is not here.
疑问句：be动词移到主语前 → Are you a student? / Is he from China?
场景例句：I am Alex. | What is your name? | Where are you from?
选择题练习
- I ___ a student.
- She ___ my teacher.
- They ___ from Beijing.
- ___ you a doctor?
- This ___ my book.
点击查看答案
1. A (am) 2. B (is) 3. C (are) 4. C (Are) 5. B (is)【语法2】疑问词 — What / Where / How
英语问句把疑问词放在最前面。常见疑问词：
| 疑问词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| What | 什么 | What is your name? |
| Where | 哪里 | Where are you from? |
| How | 怎样 | How are you? |
| Who | 谁 | Who is he? |
| Whose | 谁的 | Whose book is this? |
| Which | 哪一个 | Which one do you like? |
| Why | 为什么 | Why are you late? |
| How old | 多大 | How old are you? |
公式：疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 其他?
词汇组句练习
将下列打乱的单词排列成正确的句子：
- is / your / what / name
- he / is / where
- she / how / is
- he / who / is
- old / are / how / you
点击查看答案
1. What is your name? 2. Where is he? 3. How is she? 4. Who is he? 5. How old are you?【语法3】人称代词 + 物主代词
| 主格(做主语) | 物主代词(谁的) | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| I 我 | my 我的 | I am Alex. My name is Lily. |
| you 你 | your 你的 | You are nice. What is your name? |
| he 他 | his 他的 | He is Tom. His book is red. |
| she 她 | her 她的 | She is Mary. Her pen is blue. |
| it 它 | its 它的 | It is a dog. Its name is Bob. |
| we 我们 | our 我们的 | We are friends. Our teacher is nice. |
| they 他们/她们/它们 | their 他们的/她们的/它们的 | They are students. Their books are new. |
词汇组句练习
将下列打乱的单词排列成正确的句子：
- my / is / she / friend
- his / book / is / red
- is / your / what / name
- are / we / classmates
- their / teacher / is / very / nice
点击查看答案
1. She is my friend. 2. His book is red. 3. What is your name? 4. We are classmates. 5. Their teacher is very nice.综合练习
词汇组句
将下列打乱的单词排列成正确的句子：
- hello / name / my / is / david
- from / where / are / you / china / am / i
- he / is / my / friend / tom
- how / are / you / today / am / fine / thank / you
- this / is / her / book